What is included in the preoperative staging workup for breast cancer?

• A. Ultrasound and MRI of the breast
• B. CT scan of the abdomen
• C. Biopsy of the lymph nodes
• D. Bilateral mammogram and other imaging tests

Answer: (D)

In the preoperative staging workup for breast cancer, a bilateral mammogram and other imaging tests are critical components. Bilateral mammograms provide detailed images of both breasts, allowing for the identification of any suspicious masses or calcifications that may indicate the presence of cancer. This imaging is essential for confirming the diagnosis and evaluating the extent of the disease.

Complementary imaging tests, which may include ultrasound and MRI, are often utilized based on the specific characteristics of the breast tissue or the findings from the mammogram. These modalities help in further assessing abnormalities, guiding biopsy procedures, and providing information on tumor size and lymph node involvement. While other imaging techniques, such as CT scans and dedicated biopsies, can be part of the staging workup, the initial and foundational step begins with mammography and possibly other relevant imaging studies to ascertain the presence and extent of the cancer before surgical intervention.