What are the pectoral muscles' roles in a modified radical mastectomy?

• A. They are completely removed
• B. They are partially removed
• C. They are not removed
• D. They are reinforced

Answer: (C)

In a modified radical mastectomy, the pectoral muscles, particularly the pectoralis major and minor, are typically preserved and not removed. This surgical procedure primarily focuses on excising breast tissue along with the axillary lymph nodes to treat breast cancer, while maintaining the integrity of the underlying muscle structure. Preserving the pectoral muscles is crucial for postoperative recovery, as it helps maintain overall shoulder function and stability. It also aids in aesthetic outcomes post-surgery, allowing for better options for reconstruction if desired later. While there may be some surgical techniques that involve the manipulation of these muscles, the primary objective is to avoid their complete removal, which would significantly impact physical function.